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Globasa lileksame fal Vanege

As a planned constructed language, Globasa is very easy. It has no exception and it reuses words and grammar rules better than natural languages. Natural languages are full of quirks due to their uncontrolled evolution. But Globasa is still a language meant to express all the nuances of the human experience, so you still have to learn thousand of words and grammar rules.

Instead of spending thousands of hours learning a natural language, you will spend only a few hundred hours learning Globasa. That's still a lot of time. But don't worry, there is a consistently growing community here to help you, and there is content to make the hours enjoyable. Also, it's time well spent, because the knowledge of Globasa will help you recognize some words in all popular languages.

Learning Globasa is also your contribution towards a world where everyone can communicate easily on equal footing with each other, without spending thousands of hours in school learning English or Chinese. Time that would be better invested in local languages, cultural education or simply letting people do what they like.

The grammar of Globasa is different from the grammar of English. Do no try to talk in Globasa by translating English words one after the other. You will likely end up with an incorrect sentence. Words have to be placed in some specific orders depending on their nature. Instead of "translating literally", try to follow the grammar rules described in this course.

This course focuses on the grammar you need to express yourself completely and fluently.

When you communicate in Globasa, keep your sentences short and simple. A sentence in English often becomes several sentences in Globasa. Also, try to use common words with a large meaning instead of using rare hyperspecific words. (In English, "to think" is more common and more versatile than "to opine"). With those tips, you will express yourself faster, and people will understand you more easily.

Pronunciation

You can pronounce letters in Globasa like in English, with the exception of:

  • c : should be pronounced like "ch" in chocolate
  • x : should be pronounced like "sh" in shop
  • u : should be pronounced like "oo" in boom

Example:

  • cay (tea) is pronounced like "chay"
  • xwexi (a learning or to learn) is pronounced like "shweshi"
  • kitabu (book) is pronounced like "kitaboo"

Vowel letters next to each other must be pronounced seperately (one vowel = one syllable).

Example:

  • sui (water) is pronounced like "soo-i", not like "swi"
  • gao (high) is pronounced like "ga-o", not like "saw"

If a word ends with two vowels, the before-last vowel must be stressed:

  • sui : sUi
  • gao : gAo

Otherwise, the the vowel before the last consonant must be stressed (consonants are all letters except the 5 vowels aoeui):

  • cay : cAy ("y" is the last consonant)
  • xwexi : xwExi (the second "x" is the last consonant)
  • kitabu : kitAbu

Try to place the stress:

  • salom (hello) :
    salOm
  • weda (bye) :
    wEda

For more details, consult the official grammar description: https://xwexi.globasa.net/eng/gramati/abece-ji-lafuzu

Noun/verbs

Some pronouns:

  • mi : I / me
  • yu : you

Pronouns are a subclass of nouns. You will be introduced to more pronouns later.

Most words in Globasa are in a word category called noun/verbs. They share the same form when used as a noun or a verb.

Some noun/verbs:

  • lala : a song or to sing
  • danse : a dance or to dance
  • vole : a will (something you want) or to want
  • fale : an action or to do / to make

In Globasa, noun/verbs are called benjilexi. They are marked with "b" in the dictionary (in parenthesis): https://menalari.globasa.net/epo/lexi/lala

To know if a noun/verb is a used as a noun or a verb, there are 3 rules:

Consider the noun/verb X:

  • 1: if X is after a noun, X is used as a verb
  • 2: if X is after a verb marker (such as the infinitive marker "na"), X is used as a verb
  • 3: in all other cases, X is used as a noun

Example:

  • Mi lala. : I sing. "Mi" is a pronoun, so it's a noun. "lala" is a noun/verb and it follows a noun, so according to rule 1, lala is used as a verb.
  • Na lala. : To sing. "Na" is a verb marker (more precisely, it's the infinitive marker). According to rule 2, lala is used as a verb.
  • Lala. : A song. "Lala" is not placed after a noun or after a verb marker, so according to rule 3, lala is used a noun.
  • Mi vole. : I want. "vole" is a noun/verb and it follows a noun, so according to rule 1, it's used as a verb.
  • Mi vole lala. : I want a song. "lala" is placed after "vole" but "vole" is used as a verb, so rule 1 does not apply. Rule 2 also does not apply because there is no verb marker just before "lala". So according to rule 3, "lala" is used as a noun.
  • Mi vole na lala. : I want to sing. This time "lala" has a verb marker just before it, so it's used as the verb to sing.
  • Na vole lala. : To want a song. "lala" is used as a noun because it is placed after the noun "vole". (Rule 1)
  • Na vole na lala. : To want to sing. "lala is used as a verb because it is placed after the verb marker "na". (Rule 2)

Some other noun/verbs:

  • yam : food or to eat
  • suki : a like (something you like) or to like
  • pala : a talk or to talk / to speak
  • person : a person or "to person"
  • Globasa : Globasa or "to Globasa"
  • myaw : a cat or "to cat"

Translate to English:

  • Yam. :
    Food.
  • Mi suki. :
    I like.
  • Mi suki na yam. :
    I like to eat.
  • Yu fale yam. :
    You make food.
  • Na vole. :
    To want.
  • Yu vole na danse. :
    You want to dance.
  • Person suki na lala. :
    A person likes to sing.

Translate to Globasa:

  • You want food. :
    Yu vole yam.
  • To dance. :
    Na danse.
  • I learn Globasa. :
    Mi xwexi Globasa.
  • I learn to talk Globasa. :
    Mi xwexi na pala Globasa. ("Mi xwexi pala Globasa" is wrong because "talk" is used as a verb, not a noun.)
  • A person likes to eat. :
    Person suki na yam.

Adjective/Adverbs

Some adjective/adverbs:

  • bon : good or well
  • multi : many or a lot
  • day : big/great or greatly
  • meli : beautiful or beautifully

Similarly to noun/verbs, the position relative to other words determines if an adjective/adverb is used as an adjective or as an adverb.

There is one simple rule: if it's placed before a noun, it's used as an adjective. Otherwise, it is used as an adverb.

  • Meli myaw yam. : A beautiful cat eats. ("meli" is placed before the noun "myaw")
  • Myaw meli yam. : A cat beautifully eats.
  • Myaw yam meli. : A cat eats beautifully.

Note that if you want to put the adverb before a verb, and that verb has a verb marker such as "na", the adverb must be placed AFTER "na".

  • Na bon pala. : To speak well.
  • Bon na pala. : INCORRECT

Translate to Globasa:

  • Many cats. :
    Multi myaw.
  • I learn a lot. :
    Mi xwexi multi. or Mi multi xwexi.
  • You want good food. :
    Yu vole bon yam.
  • I like a big cat. :
    Mi suki day myaw.
  • I want to talk well.
    Mi vole na bon pala. or Mi vole na pala bon.

Adverbs modifying adjectives or adverbs

Sometimes you want an adjective/adverb to modify an adjective/adverb. In that case, you have to add the suffix -mo to the first one.

  • day : big /

  • meli : beautiful

  • daymo meli : very (bigly) beautiful

  • total : whole (adj) / totally

  • pul : full / fully

  • totalmo kal : totally full

Quantifiers

You probably noticed that "cat" and "cats" can both be translated to "myaw":

  • Myaw. : A cat.
  • Multi myaw. : Many cats.

The number is never marked on the noun. Most of the time, the context is enough to tell if we are talking about one or more objects. If the context is not enough, you can add extra information using an extra word.

Some quantifiers (a kind of adjective):

  • un : one (a)
  • plu : several (any amount more than one)
  • xosu : a few
  • multi : a lot of
  • moy : all
  • nil : zero (no)

For example:

  • basa : a language or languages
  • un basa : a language
  • plu basa : languages

Here are some words:

  • loka : location / place
  • watu : time
  • maner : way / manner
  • seba : reason

Translate to Globasa:

  • no time (zero time) :
    nil watu
  • a few places :
    xosu loka
  • one way :
    un maner
  • no reason :
    nil seba
  • I like all places. :
    Mi suki moy loka.

Numbers

Numbers are also quantifiers:

Negation

Negation is done with "no".

"no" is a special word:

  • It has to be placed just before the thing it negates
  • It is a pure adverb.

Because it is a pure adverb, it can be placed:

  • before a verb

  • before a adverb

  • before a adjective

  • but it can NOT be placed before a noun (only adjectives can do that) no myaw : INCORRECT nil myaw : CORRECT

Translate to Globasa:

Noun phrase, verb phrase

You should see them as a non dividable group.

The rules you saw before about determining if a noun/verb is a noun or a verb apply to the whole clause.

SVO

S is a noun phrase V is a verb phrase O is a noun phrase

The S (Subject) is the whole noun clause (with or without adjectives), and the V is the whole verb clause (with or without adverbs).

Globasa is always SVO. (Outside of very specific artistic circonstances that are outside of the scope of this course.)

A special verb: hay

Preposition

Prepositions are special words that introduces extra informations in a sentence. They are marked with (p) in the dictionary: https://menalari.globasa.net/eng/lexi/bax

Some prepositions.

  • bax : under
  • per : on (on the surface of)
  • in : in
  • de : of (owned by / is a quality of)
  • yon : using
  • har : having/containing
  • ton : with the company of
  • wal : without

After a preposition you need to place a prepositional complement. The prepositional complement can be:

  • a noun phrase (example)
  • a verb phrase (example)
  • a verb phrase followed by a noun phrase (example)

A preposition with its prepositional complement is called a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a comma (,) or a dot (.?!).

A prepositional phrase can add information about:

  • The whole action: Mi yam in Itali
  • The noun phrase before it: Myaw per mesa sen meli

A prepositional phrase can not contain a clause. (A clause is a group of words containing at least a subject and a verb).

Those sentences are wrong:

If you need to use a clause, transform the preposition into a conjunction by adding -ki. After a conjuc

Copula

Copulas are special verbs. They are used to show a identity ("sen" (to be)) or a similarity ("kwasisen" (to seem)) between two phrases. Those phrases are not necessarily noun phrases, so the concept of "subject" and "object" do not apply to them.

A copula can be used to compare:

  • a noun phrase Yam sen bon
  • a verb phrase Na yam sen bon
  • a verb phrase with an object Na xwexi Globasa sen bon
  • a prepositional phrase Yon tul sen asan

A copula can be used to compare to

  • an adjective or adverb Myaw sen lil
  • a noun phrase Myaw sen lil hewan
  • a verb phrase Na aham sen na yongu
  • a verb phrase with an object Na koki sen na atex yam
  • a prepositional phrase Myaw sen per mesa

Copulas in Globasa are "sen" (to be) and some verbs derived from it like "kwasisen" (to seem).

They can also compare to something that are not a noun phrase (so the concept of "object" do not apply to them)

Questions

Negation

no nil nen-

Determiners

Numerals

Table words

Conjunctions

Ren abil na kontato mi yon jinji mesaje in Discord in servitul "Globasa: Basa de Globayen" or "auxlangs / helplingvoj"

Lileksame 📝

  • Misu name sen keto?
    Vanege
  • Yu abil na mesaje mi keloka?
    In Discord
  • Syahe myaw hare ke kolor?
    Syahe kolor

fe ergo...

Salom 👋! Mi sen Kato. Kato sen keto? Name! Misu name! Misu name sen Kato.

  • Name sen keto?
    Kato.

Mi sen myaw 🐈. Myaw sen hewan. Bwaw 🐕 sen hewan. Kuku 🐓 sen hewan. Insan 🧍‍♂️ sen hewan. Mi, Kato, mi sen myaw. Kam mi sen myaw? Si, mi sen myaw. Kam mi sen bwaw? No, mi no sen bwaw.

  • Kam rubahe 🦊 sen hewan?
    Si.
  • Kam baytu 🏠 sen hewan?
    No.
  • Kam Kato sen myaw?
    Si.
  • Kam Kato sen kuku?
    No.

Hay Inugo. Inugo sen ke hewan? Bwaw 🐕. Inugo sen bwaw.

  • Kato sen ke hewan?
    Myaw.

Mi ji Inugo sen hewan. Imi sen hewan. Inugo sen doste 👬. Mi ji Inugo sen doste. Imi sen doste.

  • Kato ji Inugo sen keto?
    Hewan.
  • Kato ji Inugo sen ke hewan?
    Myaw ji bwaw.

Nipon 🇯🇵 sen dexa. Cungwo 🇨🇳 sen dexa. Nipon ji Cungwo sen dexa in Asia 🌏. Mexiko 🇲🇽 sen dexa. To (Mexiko) sen dexa in Amerika 🌎. Usa 🇺🇸 sen dexa. To (Usa) sen dexa in Amerika. Oto (Mexiko ji Usa) sen dexa in Amerika. Asia ji Amerika ji Afrika 🌍 sen in Dunya 🌐.

  • Kam Barati 🇮🇳 sen in Asia?
    Si.
  • Kam Doyci 🇩🇪 sen in Asia?
    No. (To sen in Ewropa).
  • Kam Indonesi sen in Dunya?
    Si. (To sen in Asia, ji Asia sen in Dunya).

Inugo ogar in Nipon 🇯🇵. Te (Inugo) ogar in Tokyo. Te sen Niponyen. Te pala Niponsa. Mi (Kato) ogar in Usa 🇺🇸. Mi sen usayen. Mi ogar in New York. Mi pala Englisa. Niponsa ji Englisa sen basa. Pia Espanisa ji Portugalsa ji Fransesa sen basa.

KVIZO

day - lil : day dexa, lil dexa mi sen lil Inugo sen day Portugal (x insan) sen lil, mas Portugalsa no sen lil. Portugalsa sen day. Portugalsa sen day kos Brazil. Brazil (x insan) sen day. Pia brazilyen pala Portugalsa. Portugalyen JI brazilyen pala Portugalsa.

KVIZO

Mi ogar in Usa, mas mi no sen in Usa. Mi sen in Itali. Pia Inugo sen in Itali. Imi sen in Itali 🇮🇹. Imi visita Itali. Mi sen ton Inugo. Mi no pala Italisa. Mi no aham Italisa. Mas mi pala Globasa. Pia Inugo pala Globasa. Imi pala ji aham Globasa. Mi aham Inugo kos Globasa.

KVIZO Kato aham Inugo kos keto?

Globasa.
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